A seed of knowledge : a study of the biology of the indoor preschool

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur man arbetar med biologi i förskolans inomhusmiljö. Ordet hur är i sammanhanget ett vitt begrepp men behandlar i denna studie dels vilka metoder som pedagogerna använder när ämnet behandlas och dels på vilket sätt man väljer att lära ut ämnet – pedagogiken. Genomförandet av studien gjordes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med pedagoger på två olika förskolor för att genom dessa få svar på de frågor som fanns att besvara och om de var i linje med den forskning som finns på området. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna i till stor del arbetar med ämnet genom olika aktiviteter för att fånga barnens intresse, något som går i linje med Lev Vygotskijs socio-kulturella synsätt. Man använder till viss del vuxenvägledning men låter barnen vara med och påverka i hög utsträckning.The purpose of this study is to examine how to work with biology in preschool indoor environment. The word how is in this context a broad term but treats in this study both the methods that teachers use when the subject is treated and partly on how one chooses to teach the subject – pedagogy. Implementation of the study was done by qualitative interviews with teachers in two different preschools and with the answers of the questions asked study if they were in line with the research available in this field. The result shows that the teachers in general work with the topic through various activities to capture the children's interests, which is in line with Lev Vygotskij's socio-cultural approach where one uses in part adult guidance but allow children to influence to a large extent

Current trends in research on human milk exchange for infant feeding

Breastfeeding is critical for the healthy growth and development of infants. A diverse range of infant-feeding methods are used around the world today. Many methods involve feeding infants with expressed human milk obtained through human milk exchange. Human milk exchange includes human milk banking, human milk sharing, and markets in which human milk may be purchased or sold by individuals or commercial entities. In this review, we examine peer-reviewed scholarly literature pertaining to human milk exchange in the social sciences and basic human milk sciences. We also examine current position and policy statements for human milk sharing. Our review highlights areas in need of future research. This review is a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and others who provide evidence-based care to families about infant feeding

Draft genome of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, a major forest pest

Background: The mountain pine beetle, 'Dendroctonus ponderosae' Hopkins, is the most serious insect pest of western North American pine forests. A recent outbreak destroyed more than 15 million hectares of pine forests, with major environmental effects on forest health, and economic effects on the forest industry. The outbreak has in part been driven by climate change, and will contribute to increased carbon emissions through decaying forests. Results: We developed a genome sequence resource for the mountain pine beetle to better understand the unique aspects of this insect's biology. A draft 'de novo' genome sequence was assembled from paired-end, shortread sequences from an individual field-collected male pupa, and scaffolded using mate-paired, short-read genomic sequences from pooled field-collected pupae, paired-end short-insert whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing reads of mRNA from adult beetle tissues, and paired-end Sanger EST sequences from various life stages. We describe the cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and plant cell wall-degrading enzyme gene families important to the survival of the mountain pine beetle in its harsh and nutrient-poor host environment, and examine genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism variation. A horizontally transferred bacterial sucrose-6- phosphate hydrolase was evident in the genome, and its tissue-specific transcription suggests a functional role for this beetle. Conclusions: Despite Coleoptera being the largest insect order with over 400,000 described species, including many agricultural and forest pest species, this is only the second genome sequence reported in Coleoptera, and will provide an important resource for the Curculionoidea and other insects

Draft genome of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, a major forest pest

Background: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is the most serious insect pest of western North American pine forests. A recent outbreak destroyed more than 15 million hectares of pine forests, with major environmental effects on forest health, and economic effects on the forest industry. The outbreak has in part been driven by climate change, and will contribute to increased carbon emissions through decaying forests. Results We developed a genome sequence resource for the mountain pine beetle to better understand the unique aspects of this insect's biology. A draft de novo genome sequence was assembled from paired-end, short-read sequences from an individual field-collected male pupa, and scaffolded using mate-paired, short-read genomic sequences from pooled field-collected pupae, paired-end short-insert whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing reads of mRNA from adult beetle tissues, and paired-end Sanger EST sequences from various life stages. We describe the cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and plant cell wall-degrading enzyme gene families important to the survival of the mountain pine beetle in its harsh and nutrient-poor host environment, and examine genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism variation. A horizontally transferred bacterial sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase was evident in the genome, and its tissue-specific transcription suggests a functional role for this beetle. Conclusions Despite Coleoptera being the largest insect order with over 400,000 described species, including many agricultural and forest pest species, this is only the second genome sequence reported in Coleoptera, and will provide an important resource for the Curculionoidea and other insects.Medical Genetics, Department ofMedicine, Faculty ofNon UBCReviewedFacult

A Single-chord Stellar Occultation by the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Object (541132) Leleākūhonua

A stellar occultation by the extreme large-perihelion trans-Neptunian object (541132) Leleākūhonua (also known by the provisional designation of 2015 TG387) was predicted by the Lucky Star project and observed with the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network on 2018 October 20 UT. A single detection and a nearby nondetection provide constraints for the size and albedo. When a circular profile is assumed, the radius is r = 110+14-10 km, corresponding to a geometric albedo Pv = 0.21+0.03-0.05, for an adopted absolute magnitude of HV = 5.6, typical of other objects in dynamically similar orbits. The occultation also provides a high-precision astrometric constraint

Genomics of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x deltoides) interacting with; forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma disstria): normalized and full-length cDNA libraries, expressed sequence tags, and a cDNA microarray for the study of insect-induced defences in poplar

As part of a genomics strategy to characterize inducible defences against insect herbivory in poplar, we developed a comprehensive suite of functional genomics resources including cDNA libraries, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and a cDNA microarray platform. These resources are designed to complement the existing poplar genome sequence and poplar (Populus spp.) ESTs by focusing on herbivore- and elicitor-treated tissues and incorporating normalization methods to capture rare transcripts. From a set of 15 standard, normalized or full -length cDNA libraries, we generated 139 007 3'- or 5'-end sequenced ESTs, representing more than one-third of the c. 385 000 publicly available Populus ESTs. Clustering and assembly of 107 519 3'-end ESTs resulted in 14 451 contigs and 20 560 singletons, altogether representing 35 011 putative unique transcripts, or potentially more than three-quarters of the predicted c. 45 000 genes in the poplar genome. Using this EST resource, we developed a cDNA microarray containing 15 496 unique genes, which was utilized to monitor gene expression in poplar leaves in response to herbivory by forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma disstria). After 24 h of feeding, 1191 genes were classified as up-regulated, compared to only 537 down-regulated. Functional classification of this induced gene set revealed genes with roles in plant defence (e.g. endochitinases, Kunitz protease inhibitors), octadecanoid and ethylene signalling (e.g. lipoxygenase, allene oxide synthase, 1 -aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase), transport (e.g. ABC proteins, calreticulin), secondary metabolism [e.g. polyphenol oxidase, isoflavone reductase, (-)-germacrene D synthase] and transcriptional regulation [e.g. leucine-rich repeat transmembrane kinase, several transcription factor classes (zinc finger C3H type, AP2/EREBP, WRKY, bHLH)]. This study provides the first genome-scale approach to characterize insect-induced defences in a woody perennial providing a solid platform for functional investigation of plant -insect interactions in poplarNRC publication: Ye